【内涵】CivilCodeofthePeoplesRepublicofChina

2024年07月18日

　　Order of the President of the Peoples Republic of China

　　The Civil Code of the Peoples Republic of China, as adopted at the 3rd Session of the Thirteenth National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China on May 28, 2020, is hereby issued, and shall come into force on January 1, 2021. 华人民和民法典已由华人民和第十三届全人民代表大会第三次会议于2020年5月28日通过，现予公布，自2021年1月1日起施行。

　　Xi Jinping, President of the Peoples Republic of China 华人民和主席　

　　May 28, 2020 2020年5月28日

　　Civil Code of the Peoples Republic of China 华人民和民法典

　　Adopted at the 3rd Session of the Thirteenth National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China on May 28, 2020 2020年5月28日第十三届全人民代表大会第三次会议通过

　　Table of Contents 目录

　　Book One General Provisions 第一编　总则

　　Chapter I Basic Provisions 第一章　基本规定

　　Chapter II Natural Persons 第二章　自然人

　　Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct 第一节　民事权利能力和民事行为能力

　　Section 2 Guardianship 第二节　监护

　　Section 3 Declaration of Absence and Declaration of Death 第三节　宣告失踪和宣告死亡

　　Section 4 Individual Industrial and Commercial Households and Rural Usufructuary Households 第四节　个体工商户和农村承包经营户

　　Chapter III Legal Persons 第三章　法人

　　Section 2 Forprofit Legal Persons 第二节　营利法人

　　Section 3 Nonprofit Legal Persons 第三节　非营利法人

　　Section 4 Special Legal Persons 第四节　特别法人

　　Chapter IV Unincorporated Organizations 第四章　非法人组织

　　Chapter V Civil Rights 第五章　民事权利

　　Chapter VI Juridical Acts 第六章　民事法律行为

　　Section 2 Declaration of Will 第二节　意思表示

　　Section 3 Validity of Juridical Acts 第三节　民事法律行为的效力

　　Section 4 Juridical Acts Subject to Conditions or Terms 第四节　民事法律行为的附条件和附期限

　　Chapter VII Agency 第七章　代理

　　Section 2 Agency by Mandate 第二节　委托代理

　　Section 3 Termination of Agency 第三节　代理终止

　　Chapter VIII Civil Liability 第八章　民事责任

　　Chapter IX Extinctive Prescription 第九章　诉讼时效

　　Chapter X Calculation of Time Periods 第十章　期间计算

　　Book Two Real Rights 第二编　物权

　　Chapter II Creation, Modification, Transfer and Extinction of Real Rights 第二章　物权的设立变更转让和消灭

　　Section 1 Registration of Immovables 第一节　不动登记

　　Section 2 Delivery of Movables 第二节　动交付

　　Section 3 Other Provisions 第三节　其他规定

　　Chapter III Protection of Real Rights 第三章　物权的保护

　　Title Two Ownership 第二分编　所有权

　　Chapter IV General Rules 第四章　一般规定

　　Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership 第五章　家所有权和集体所有权私人所有权

　　Chapter VI Owners Separate Ownership in a Building 第六章　业主的建筑物区分所有权

　　Chapter VII Neighboring Relations 第七章　相邻关系

　　Chapter VIII Coownership 第八章　有

　　Chapter IX Special Provisions on the Obtainment of Ownership 第九章　所有权取得的特别规定

　　Title Three Usufruct 第三分编　用益物权

　　Chapter X General Rules 第十章　一般规定

　　Chapter XI Conventional Usufruct on Rural Land for Agricultural Operations 第十一章　土地承包经营权

　　Chapter XII Right to Use Land for Construction 第十二章　建设用地使用权

　　Chapter XIII Right to Use Rural Land as a Residential Lot 第十三章　宅基地使用权

　　Chapter XIV Right of Habitation 第十四章　居住权

　　Chapter XV Servitude 第十五章　地役权

　　Title Four Security Interests 第四分编　担保物权

　　Chapter XVI General Rules 第十六章　一般规定

　　Chapter XVII Mortgage 第十七章　抵押权

　　Section 1 Ordinary Mortgage 第一节　一般抵押权

　　Section 2 Maximum Mortgage 第二节　最高额抵押权

　　Chapter XVIII Pledge 第十八章　质权

　　Section 1 Pledge of Movables 第一节　动质权

　　Section 2 Pledge of Rights 第二节　权利质权

　　Chapter XIX Lien 第十九章　留置权

　　Title Five Possession 第五分编　占有

　　Chapter XX Possession 第二十章　占有

　　Book Three Contracts 第三编　合同

　　Chapter II Contracting 第二章　合同的订立

　　Chapter III Validity of Contracts 第三章　合同的效力

　　Chapter IV Performance of Contracts 第四章　合同的履行

　　Chapter V Preservation of Contracts 第五章　合同的保全

　　Chapter VI Modification and Assignment of Contracts 第六章　合同的变更和转让

　　Chapter VII Termination of Contractual Rights and Obligations 第七章　合同的权利义终止

　　Chapter VIII Liability for Breach of Contract 第八章　违约责任

　　Title Two Nominate Contracts 第二分编　典型合同

　　Chapter IX Sales Contracts 第九章　买卖合同

　　Chapter X Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas, or Heat 第十章　供用电水气热力合同

　　Chapter XI Gift Contracts 第十一章　赠与合同

　　Chapter XII Contracts for Loan of Money 第十二章　借款合同

　　Chapter XIII Contracts of Suretyship 第十三章　保证合同

　　Section 2 Suretyship Liability 第二节　保证责任

　　Chapter XIV Leasing Contracts 第十四章　租赁合同

　　Chapter XV Financial Leasing Contracts 第十五章　融资租赁合同

　　Chapter XVI Factoring Contracts 第十六章　保理合同

　　Chapter XVII Contracts for Work 第十七章　承揽合同

　　Chapter XVIII Contracts for Construction Projects 第十八章　建设工程合同

　　Chapter XIX Transportation Contracts 第十九章　运输合同

　　Section 2 Passenger Transportation Contracts 第二节　客运合同

　　Section 3 Cargo Transportation Contracts 第三节　货运合同

　　Section 4 Multimodal Transport Contracts 第四节　多式联运合同

　　Chapter XX Technology Contracts 第二十章　技术合同

　　Section 2 Technology Development Contracts 第二节　技术开发合同

　　Section 3 Technology Transfer Contracts and Technology License Contracts 第三节　技术转让合同和技术许可合同

　　Section 4 Technical Consulting Contracts and Technical Service Contracts 第四节　技术咨询合同和技术服合同

　　Chapter XXI Deposit Contracts 第二十一章　保管合同

　　Chapter XXII Warehousing Contracts 第二十二章　仓储合同

　　Chapter XXIII Contracts of Mandate 第二十三章　委托合同

　　Chapter XXIV Property Management Service Contracts 第二十四章　物业服合同

　　Chapter XXV Commission Agent Contracts 第二十五章　行纪合同

　　Chapter XXVI Intermediary Contracts 第二十六章　介合同

　　Chapter XXVII Contracts of Partnership 第二十七章　合伙合同

　　Title Three Quasicontracts 第三分编　准合同

　　Chapter XXVIII Management of the Business of Another 第二十八章　无因管理

　　Chapter XXIX Unjust Enrichment 第二十九章　不当得利

　　Book Four Personality Rights 第四编　人格权

　　Chapter II Rights of Life, Inviolability and Integrity of Person, and Health 第二章　生命权身体权和健康权

　　Chapter III Right of Name 第三章　姓名权和名称权

　　Chapter IV Right of Likeness 第四章　肖像权

　　Chapter V Right of Reputation and Right of Honor 第五章　名誉权和荣誉权

　　Chapter VI Right of Privacy and Protection of Personal Information 第六章　隐私权和个人信息保护

　　Book Five Marriage and Family 第五编　婚姻家庭

　　Chapter II Marriage 第二章　结婚

　　Chapter III Family Relations 第三章　家庭关系

　　Section 1 Husband and Wife 第一节　夫妻关系

　　Section 2 Parents, Children and Other Close Relatives 第二节　父母子女关系和其他亲属关系

　　Chapter IV Divorce 第四章　离婚

　　Chapter V Adoption 第五章　收养

　　Section 1 Establishment of an Adoptive Relationship 第一节　收养关系的成立

　　Section 2 Validity of Adoption 第二节　收养的效力

　　Section 3 Termination of an Adoptive Relationship 第三节　收养关系的解除

　　Book Six Succession 第六编　继承

　　Chapter II Statutory Succession 第二章　法定继承

　　Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy 第三章　遗嘱继承和遗赠

　　Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate 第四章　遗的处理

　　Book Seven Tort Liability 第七编　侵权责任

　　Chapter II Damages 第二章　损害赔偿

　　Chapter III Special Provisions on Tortfeasors 第三章　责任主体的特殊规定

　　Chapter IV Product Liability 第四章　品责任

　　Chapter V Liability for Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident 第五章　机动车交通事故责任

　　Chapter VI Liability for Medical Malpractice 第六章　医疗损害责任

　　Chapter VII Liability for Environmental Pollution and Ecological Damage 第七章　环境污染和生态破坏责任

　　Chapter VIII Liability for Ultrahazardous Activity 第八章　高度危险责任

　　Chapter IX Liability for Harm Caused by Domestic Animal 第九章　饲养动物损害责任

　　Chapter X Liability for Harm Caused by Building or Object 第十章　建筑物和物件损害责任

　　Supplemental Provisions 附则

　　Book One General Provisions

　　第一编　总则

　　Chapter I Basic Provisions

　　第一章　基本规定

　　Article 1 This Code is enacted in accordance with the for the purposes of protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties to civil legal relations, regulating civil relations, maintaining the social and economic order, meeting the developmental requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and upholding core socialist values. 　为了保护民事主体的合法权益，调整民事关系，维护社会和经济秩序，适应特色社会主义发展要求，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，根据，制定本法。

　　Article 2 Civil law regulates the personal relationships and property relationships among natural persons, legal persons, and unincorporated organizations, as equal parties. 　民法调整等主体的自然人法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财关系。

　　Article 3 The personal rights, property rights, and other lawful rights and interests of the parties to civil legal relations shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may infringe upon such rights and interests. 　民事主体的人身权利财权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护，任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。

　　Article 4 All parties to civil legal relations are equal in legal status in civil activities. 　民事主体在民事活动的法律地位一律等。

　　Article 5 The parties to civil legal relations shall conduct civil activities under the principle of free will, and create, modify, or terminate civil legal relations according to their own wills. 　民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循自愿原则，按照自己的意思设立变更终止民事法律关系。

　　Article 6 The parties to civil legal relations shall conduct civil activities under the principle of fairness, and rationally determine the rights and obligations of each party. 　民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循公原则，合理确定各方的权利和义。

　　Article 7 The parties to civil legal relations shall conduct civil activities under the principle of good faith, adhere to honesty, and fulfill their promises. 　民事主体从事民事活动，应当遵循诚信原则，秉持诚实，恪守承诺。

　　Article 8 The parties to civil legal relations shall not conduct civil activities in violation of the law, nor contrary to public order and good morals. 　民事主体从事民事活动，不得违反法律，不得违背公序良俗。

　　Article 9 The parties to civil legal relations shall conduct civil activities contributing to the conservation of resources and protection of environment. 　民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源保护生态环境。

　　Article 10 Civil disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the law; or if the law is silent, customs may apply, but not contrary to public order and good morals. 　处理民事纠纷，应当依照法律；法律没有规定的，可以适用惯，但是不得违背公序良俗。

　　Article 11 Where there are any special provisions on civil relations in any other law, such special provisions shall apply. 　其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的，依照其规定。

　　Article 12 The law of the Peoples Republic of China shall apply to civil activities within the territory of the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by any law. 　华人民和领域内的民事活动，适用华人民和法律。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。

　　Chapter II Natural Persons

　　第二章　自然人

　　Section 1 Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conduct

　　第一节　民事权利能力和民事行为能力

　　Article 13 A natural person has the capacity for civil rights from the moment of birth to the moment of death, enjoying civil rights and assuming civil obligations in accordance with the law. 　自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义。

　　Article 14 All natural persons are equal in capacity for civil rights. 　自然人的民事权利能力一律等。

　　Article 15 The time of birth and the time of death of a natural person shall be the ones recorded on his or her birth certificate or death certificate; or in the absence of a birth certificate or death certificate, the time shall be the one recorded in the household registration or any other valid identity registration. If there is any other evidence sufficient to overturn the aforesaid time, the time proved by such evidence shall prevail. 　自然人的出生时间和死亡时间，以出生证明死亡证明记载的时间为准；没有出生证明死亡证明的，以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的，以该证据证明的时间为准。

　　Article 16 Where the protection of the interests of a fetus is involved in, among others, a succession or acceptance of a gift, the fetus shall be presumed to have capacity for civil rights. However, in case of a stillborn, the fetuss capacity for civil rights has never existed. 　涉及遗继承接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的，胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是，胎儿娩出时为死体的，其民事权利能力自始不存在。

　　Article 17 A natural person attaining the age of eighteen is an adult. A natural person under the age of eighteen is a minor. 　十八岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八岁的自然人为未成年人。

　　Article 18 An adult has full capacity for civil conduct, and may perform juridical acts independently. 　成年人为完全民事行为能力人，可以独立实施民事法律行为。

　　A minor attaining the age of sixteen and primarily relying on his or her own labor income in living is deemed a person with full capacity for civil conduct. 十六岁以上的未成年人，以自己的劳动收入为主要生活源的，视为完全民事行为能力人。

　　Article 19 A minor attaining the age of eight is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, who shall be represented by his or her statutory agent in performing juridical acts or whose performance of juridical acts shall be consented to or ratified by his or her statutory agent, but may alone perform juridical acts which purely benefit the minor or are commensurate with his or her age and intelligence. 　八岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意追认；但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄智力相适应的民事法律行为。

　　Article 20 A minor under the age of eight is a person without capacity for civil conduct, who shall be represented in performing civil juridical acts by his or her statutory agent. 　不满八岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。

　　Article 21 An adult incapable of discerning his or her conduct is a person without capacity for civil conduct, who shall be represented by his or her statutory agent in performing juridical acts. 　不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。

　　The provision of the preceding paragraph shall also apply to a minor attaining the age of eight without the power of discernment of his or her conduct. 八岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的，适用前款规定。

　　Article 22 An adult incapable of fully discerning his or her conduct shall be a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, who shall be represented by his or her statutory agent in performing juridical acts or whose performance of juridical acts shall be consented to or ratified by his or her statutory agent, but may perform alone juridical acts which purely benefit the adult or are commensurate with his or her intelligence and mental health. 　不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意追认；但是，可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。

　　Article 23 The guardian of a person without capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct shall be the statutory agent of the person. 　无民事行为能力人限制民事行为能力人的监护人是其法定代理人。

　　Article 24 For an adult incapable of discerning or fully discerning his or her conduct, an interested party or a relevant organization may apply to a peoples court for determining the adult as a person without capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct. 　不能辨认或者不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人，其利害关系人或者有关组织，可以向人民法申请认定该成年人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人。

　　After the adult is determined by a peoples court as a person without capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, the peoples court may, based on the recovery of his or her intelligence or mental health, determine the adult as a person with limited capacity for civil conduct or a person with full capacity for civil conduct, upon his or her application or application of an interested party or a relevant organization. 被人民法认定为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人的，经本人利害关系人或者有关组织申请，人民法可以根据其智力精神健康恢复的状况，认定该成年人恢复为限制民事行为能力人或者完全民事行为能力人。

　　For the purposes of this article, the relevant organizations include but are not limited to an urban residents committee, a villagers committee, a school, a medical institution, a womens federation, a disabled persons federation, an organization legally formed for seniors, and a civil affairs department, among others. 本条规定的有关组织包括居民委员会村民委员会学校医疗机构妇女联合会残疾人联合会依法设立的老年人组织民政部门等。

　　Article 25 The domicile of a natural person shall be his or her residence recorded in the household registration or any other valid identity registration; but if his or her habitual residence is different from the domicile, the habitual residence shall be deemed his or her domicile. 　自然人以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的居所为住所；经常居所与住所不一致的，经常居所视为住所。

　　Section 2 Guardianship

　　第二节　监护

　　Article 26 Parents have the obligations of maintenance, education, and protection of their minor children. 　父母对未成年子女负有抚养教育和保护的义。

　　Adult children have the obligations of supporting, assistance, and protection of their parents. 成年子女对父母负有赡养扶助和保护的义。

　　Article 27 The parents of a minor are his or her guardians. 　父母是未成年子女的监护人。

　　Where both parents of a minor are dead or incapable of acting as a guardian, the following persons capable of acting as a guardian shall act as the guardian of the minor in the following order 未成年人的父母已经死亡或者没有监护能力的，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监护人

　　1 Paternal or maternal grandparents of the minor. 一祖父母外祖父母；

　　2 Elder brothers or sisters of the minor. 二兄姐；

　　3 Other individuals or organizations willing to act as the guardian, provided that it is approved by the urban residents committee, villagers committee, or civil affairs department of the place of the minors domicile. 三其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经未成年人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会或者民政部门同意。

　　Article 28 The following persons capable of acting as a guardian shall, in the following order, act as the guardian of an adult without capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct 　无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的成年人，由下列有监护能力的人按顺序担任监护人

　　1 Spouse of the adult. 一配偶；

　　2 Parents or children of the adult. 二父母子女；

　　3 Other close relatives of the adult. 三其他亲属；

　　4 Other individuals or organizations willing to act as the guardian, provided that it is approved by the urban residents committee, villagers committee, or civil affairs department of the place of the adults domicile. 四其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织，但是须经被监护人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会或者民政部门同意。

　　Article 29 Where the parents of a ward are his or her guardians, they may designate the guardian by a will. 　被监护人的父母担任监护人的，可以通过遗嘱指定监护人。

　　Article 30 Persons legally qualified for guardianship may, by agreement, determine the guardian. The true will of the ward shall be respected in the determination of guardian by agreement. 　依法具有监护资格的人之间可以协议确定监护人。协议确定监护人应当尊重被监护人的真实意愿。

　　Article 31 In case of any dispute over the determination of guardian, the urban residents committee, villagers committee, or civil affairs department of the place of the wards domicile may designate the guardian, and against the aforesaid designation, the relevant parties may apply to the peoples court for designating the guardian; and the relevant parties may, notwithstanding, directly apply to the peoples court for designating the guardian. 　对监护人的确定有争议的，由被监护人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会或者民政部门指定监护人，有关当事人对指定不服的，可以向人民法申请指定监护人；有关当事人也可以直接向人民法申请指定监护人。

　　The urban residents committee, villagers committee, civil affairs department, or peoples court shall respect the true will of the ward, and designate the guardian from among persons legally qualified for guardianship under the principle of most benefiting the ward. 居民委员会村民委员会民政部门或者人民法应当尊重被监护人的真实意愿，按照最有利于被监护人的原则在依法具有监护资格的人指定监护人。

　　Before the guardian is designated under paragraph 1 of this article, if the personal rights, property rights, and other lawful rights and interests of the ward are under no protection, the urban residents committee, villagers committee, relevant organization prescribed by the law, or civil affairs department of the place of the wards domicile shall act as the provisional guardian. 依据本条第一款规定指定监护人前，被监护人的人身权利财权利以及其他合法权益处于无人保护状态的，由被监护人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会法律规定的有关组织或者民政部门担任临时监护人。

　　After designation, the guardian shall not be replaced without permission; and in case of replacement without permission, the designated guardian is not relieved of his or her responsibilities. 监护人被指定后，不得擅自变更；擅自变更的，不免除被指定的监护人的责任。

　　Article 32 Where there is no person legally qualified for guardianship, the civil affairs department may or the urban residents committee or villagers committee of the place of the wards domicile satisfying the conditions for performing the duty of guardianship may act as the guardian. 　没有依法具有监护资格的人的，监护人由民政部门担任，也可以由具备履行监护职责条件的被监护人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会担任。

　　Article 33 An adult with full capacity for civil conduct may, by consulting in advance with his or her close relatives or other individuals or organizations willing to act as a guardian, determine his or her guardian in writing. When the adult loses all or part of capacity for civil conduct, the guardian shall perform the duty of guardianship of the adult. 　具有完全民事行为能力的成年人，可以与其亲属其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织事先协商，以书面形式确定自己的监护人，在自己丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力时，由该监护人履行监护职责。

　　Article 34 The duties of a guardian include but are not limited to representing the ward in performing juridical acts and protecting the personal rights, property rights, and other lawful rights and interests of the ward. 　监护人的职责是代理被监护人实施民事法律行为，保护被监护人的人身权利财权利以及其他合法权益等。

　　The guardians rights arising from performance of the duty of guardianship in accordance with the law shall be protected by law. 监护人依法履行监护职责生的权利，受法律保护。

　　A guardian failing to perform the duty of guardianship or infringing upon the wards lawful rights and interests shall assume legal liability. 监护人不履行监护职责或者侵害被监护人合法权益的，应当承担法律责任。

　　In case of emergency or under any other emergency circumstance, the guardian is temporarily unable to perform the duty of guardianship and the wards life is unattended, the urban residents committee, villagers committee, or civil affairs department of the place of the wards domicile shall arrange for necessary daily care for the ward. 因发生突发事件等紧急情况，监护人暂时无法履行监护职责，被监护人的生活处于无人照料状态的，被监护人住所地的居民委员会村民委员会或者民政部门应当为被监护人安排必要的临时生活照料措施。

　　Article 35 A guardian shall perform the duty of guardianship under the principle of most benefiting the ward. The guardian shall not dispose of the wards property unless for safeguarding the wards interests. 　监护人应当按照最有利于被监护人的原则履行监护职责。监护人除为维护被监护人利益外，不得处分被监护人的财。

　　The guardian of a minor shall, in the performance of the duty of guardianship, respect the wards true will when making decisions related to the wards interests according to the wards age and intelligence. 未成年人的监护人履行监护职责，在作出与被监护人利益有关的决定时，应当根据被监护人的年龄和智力状况，尊重被监护人的真实意愿。

　　The guardian of an adult shall, in the performance of the duty of guardianship, respect the wards true will to the fullest extent, safeguard and assist the ward in performing juridical acts that are commensurate with the wards intelligence and mental health. The guardian shall not interfere with any affairs that the ward is capable of handling alone. 成年人的监护人履行监护职责，应当最大程度地尊重被监护人的真实意愿，保障并协助被监护人实施与其智力精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。对被监护人有能力独立处理的事，监护人不得干涉。

　　Article 36 Where a guardian falls under any of the following circumstances, the peoples court shall, upon application of the relevant individual or organization, disqualify the guardian, arrange necessary provisional guardianship measures, and designate another guardian in accordance with the law under the principle of most benefiting the ward 　监护人有下列情形之一的，人民法根据有关个人或者组织的申请，撤销其监护人资格，安排必要的临时监护措施，并按照最有利于被监护人的原则依法指定监护人

　　1 Committing any conduct seriously detrimental to the wards physical and mental health. 一实施严重损害被监护人身心健康的行为；

　　2 Being slack in performing the duty of guardianship, or being incapable of performing the duty of guardianship but refusing to delegate part or all of the duty of guardianship to another person, which causes distress of the ward. 二怠于履行监护职责，或者无法履行监护职责且拒绝将监护职责部分或者全部委托给他人，导致被监护人处于危困状态；

　　3 Otherwise seriously infringing upon the wards lawful rights and interests. 三实施严重侵害被监护人合法权益的其他行为。

　　For the purposes of this article, the relevant individuals and organizations include but are not limited to any other person legally qualified for guardianship, an urban residents committee, a villagers committee, a school, a medical institution, a womens federation, a disabled persons federation, an organization for the protection of minors, an organization legally formed for seniors, and a civil affairs department. 本条规定的有关个人组织包括其他依法具有监护资格的人，居民委员会村民委员会学校医疗机构妇女联合会残疾人联合会未成年人保护组织依法设立的老年人组织民政部门等。

　　Where the individuals and organizations except the civil affairs department as prescribed in the preceding paragraph fail to apply for the disqualification of the guardian to the peoples court in a timely manner, the civil affairs department shall file such an application with the peoples court. 前款规定的个人和民政部门以外的组织未及时向人民法申请撤销监护人资格的，民政部门应当向人民法申请。

　　Article 37 Parents, children, and spouses who support the wards in the form of child support, support for elderly parents, or spousal support in accordance with the law shall continue to perform such obligations after they are disqualified by the peoples courts as guardians. 　依法负担被监护人抚养费赡养费扶养费的父母子女配偶等，被人民法撤销监护人资格后，应当继续履行负担的义。

　　Article 38 Where the wards parent or child shows true repentance after being disqualified from guardianship by the peoples court, except one having committed an intentional crime on the ward, the peoples court may, by respecting the wards true will and according to the circumstances, reinstate his or her guardianship upon his or her application, and the guardianship between the guardian designated by the peoples court and the ward shall terminate concurrently. 　被监护人的父母或者子女被人民法撤销监护人资格后，除对被监护人实施故意犯罪的外，确有悔改表现的，经其申请，人民法可以在尊重被监护人真实意愿的前提下，视情况恢复其监护人资格，人民法指定的监护人与被监护人的监护关系同时终止。

　　Article 39 Under any of the following circumstances, the guardianship shall terminate 　有下列情形之一的，监护关系终止

　　1 The ward obtains or regains full capacity for civil conduct. 一被监护人取得或者恢复完全民事行为能力；

　　2 The guardian becomes incapable of guardianship. 二监护人丧失监护能力；

　　3 The ward or the guardian dies. 三被监护人或者监护人死亡；

　　4 The guardian relationship otherwise terminates as determined by a peoples court. 四人民法认定监护关系终止的其他情形。

　　If the ward still needs guardianship after the guardianship terminates, another guardian shall be determined in accordance with the law. 监护关系终止后，被监护人仍然需要监护的，应当依法另行确定监护人。

　　Section 3 Declaration of Absence and Declaration of Death

　　第三节　宣告失踪和宣告死亡

　　Article 40 Where a natural person has disappeared for two years, an interested party may apply to a peoples court for a declaration of absence of the natural person. 　自然人下落不明满二年的，利害关系人可以向人民法申请宣告该自然人为失踪人。

　　Article 41 The period of disappearance of a natural person shall be counted from the day when he or she is not heard from. If a person disappears during a war, the period of disappearance shall be counted from the day when the war ends or from the date of absence as confirmed by the relevant authority. 　自然人下落不明的时间自其失去音讯之日起计算。战争期间下落不明的，下落不明的时间自战争结束之日或者有关机关确定的下落不明之日起计算。

　　Article 42 The property of an absentee shall be under the custody of his or her spouse, adult children, parents, or any other person willing to act as custodian of the property. 　失踪人的财由其配偶成年子女父母或者其他愿意担任财代管人的人代管。

　　If there is any dispute over custody or the persons as mentioned in the preceding paragraph do not exist or are incapable of custody, the property shall be under the custody of a person designated by a peoples court. 代管有争议，没有前款规定的人，或者前款规定的人无代管能力的，由人民法指定的人代管。

　　Article 43 The property custodian shall appropriately manage the absentees property, and protect the property rights and interests of the absentee. 　财代管人应当妥善管理失踪人的财，维护其财权益。

　　Any taxes and debts owed and other expenses payable by the absentee shall be paid by the property custodian out of the absentees property. 失踪人所欠税款债和应付的其他费用，由财代管人从失踪人的财支付。

　　Where the property custodian causes damage to the absentees property intentionally or with gross negligence, the custodian shall assume compensatory liability. 财代管人因故意或者重大过失造成失踪人财损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。

　　Article 44 Where the property custodian fails to perform the duty of custody, infringes upon the absentees property rights and interests, or becomes incapable of custody, an interested party for the absentee may apply to a peoples court for replacement of the property custodian. 　财代管人不履行代管职责侵害失踪人财权益或者丧失代管能力的，失踪人的利害关系人可以向人民法申请变更财代管人。

　　The property custodian may, for good reason, apply to a peoples court for replacement of the property custodian. 财代管人有正当理由的，可以向人民法申请变更财代管人。

　　Where the peoples court decides to replace the property custodian, the replacement custodian shall have the right to request the original custodian to hand over relevant property and report on property custody in a timely manner. 人民法变更财代管人的，变更后的财代管人有权请求原财代管人及时移交有关财并报告财代管情况。

　　Article 45 Where an absentee reappears, the peoples court shall revoke the declaration of absence upon application of the person or an interested party. 　失踪人重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法应当撤销失踪宣告。

　　Where an absentee reappears, the person shall have the right to request the property custodian to hand over relevant property and report on property custody in a timely manner. 失踪人重新出现，有权请求财代管人及时移交有关财并报告财代管情况。

　　Article 46 Where a natural person falls under any of the following circumstances, an interested party may apply to a peoples court for a declaration of death of the natural person 　自然人有下列情形之一的，利害关系人可以向人民法申请宣告该自然人死亡

　　1 The natural person has disappeared for four years. 一下落不明满四年；

　　2 The natural person has disappeared for two years from an accident. 二因意外事件，下落不明满二年。

　　Where a person has disappeared from an accident, and it is impossible for the person to survive the accident as certified by the relevant authority, an application for a declaration of death of the person is not subject to the twoyear period. 因意外事件下落不明，经有关机关证明该自然人不可能生存的，申请宣告死亡不受二年时间的限制。

　　Article 47 Where both an application for a declaration of death and an application for a declaration of absence of the same natural person are filed by the interested parties with a peoples court, the peoples court shall declare the death of the person if the conditions for a declaration of death as set out in this Code are met. 　对同一自然人，有的利害关系人申请宣告死亡，有的利害关系人申请宣告失踪，符合本法规定的宣告死亡条件的，人民法应当宣告死亡。

　　Article 48 The day when the peoples court renders a judgment to declare the death of a person shall be deemed the date of death of the person; but if the person is declared dead for his or her disappearance from an accident, the day when the accident occurred shall be deemed the date of death of the person. 　被宣告死亡的人，人民法宣告死亡的判决作出之日视为其死亡的日期；因意外事件下落不明宣告死亡的，意外事件发生之日视为其死亡的日期。

　　Article 49 Where a natural person declared dead is alive, the validity of the juridical acts performed by the natural person during the period of declared death shall not be affected. 　自然人被宣告死亡但是并未死亡的，不影响该自然人在被宣告死亡期间实施的民事法律行为的效力。

　　Article 50 Where a person declared dead reappears, the peoples court shall revoke the declaration of death upon application of the person or an interested party. 　被宣告死亡的人重新出现，经本人或者利害关系人申请，人民法应当撤销死亡宣告。

　　Article 51 The marital relationship of a person declared dead shall be extinguished from the date of declaration of death. If the declaration of death is revoked, the marital relationship shall resume automatically from the date of revocation of the declaration of death, unless his or her spouse has remarried or submits to the marriage registration authority a written statement of refusal to resume marriage. 　被宣告死亡的人的婚姻关系，自死亡宣告之日起消除。死亡宣告被撤销的，婚姻关系自撤销死亡宣告之日起自行恢复。但是，其配偶再婚或者向婚姻登记机关书面声明不愿意恢复的除外。

　　Article 52 Where a child of a person declared dead is legally adopted by another person during the period of his or her declared death, the person shall not claim nullity of the adoption on the ground that the adoption is without his or her approval after the declaration of death is revoked. 　被宣告死亡的人在被宣告死亡期间，其子女被他人依法收养的，在死亡宣告被撤销后，不得以未经本人同意为由主张收养行为无效。

　　Article 53 Where the declaration of death of a person is revoked, the person shall have the right to reclaim his or her property which has devolved to other parties to civil legal relationships in accordance with Book Six of this Code. If any property cannot be reclaimed, the person shall be indemnified appropriately. 　被撤销死亡

上一篇：解读中蒙二连浩特—扎门乌德经济合作区获批 下一篇：【观点】健康限定，不容错过鲁瓦克系列饮品实力助力经销商

最新文章